{"id":"W7071253195","doi":"","title":"Real and Apparent Time in Language Change: Late Adoption of Changes in Montreal English","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Language change; Test (biology); Variation (astronomy); Order (exchange); On Language; Lexical item; Linguistic change; Stability (learning theory)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001985878,0.0001530274,0.0001698296,0.001419804,0.0005632435,0.0009331555,0.0004810019,0.0003379036,0.001757026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01447034,0.0001698726,0.0001419351,0.001078607,0.001484207,0.001196339,0.001081147,0.0004578306,0.0001416161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001771818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006569148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1559515,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2540249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990302,0.0002834644,0.00005316171,0.0002202479,0.0002902236,0.0001227507],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950365,0.001500444,0.001466936,0.0005568194,0.001181043,0.0002581066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005300158,0.00005429396,0.8536314,0.0001114101,0.00007202417,0.0006556797,0.0626052,0.0004655926,0.01854097,0.003523928,0.0004427073,0.05936679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001286293,0.00003517656,0.9970083,0.000005236383,0.00000596444,0.00007066354,0.001486582,0.00008921096,0.0003807787,0.0001387033,0.000765926,0.00001224975],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973258,0.0002377999,0.0003420534,0.00007570124,0.000004171282,0.000004650203,0.0001058152,0.000007814832,0.001896214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993561,0.00004097079,0.0001221524,0.000007564955,0.000002215825,0.000004094808,0.00004663646,0.00000418452,0.0004160684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8440484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3100876,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02013335230565551,"score_gpt":0.252683453411604,"score_spread":0.2325501011059485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}