{"id":"W7083343764","doi":"","title":"Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Census and Population Estimation","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Marshall Space Flight Center; Háskóli Íslands; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; National Science Foundation; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Goddard Space Flight Center; Universitetet i Oslo; Yale University; University of Crete; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Turun Yliopisto; Aarhus Universitet; California Institute of Technology; Stockholms Universitet; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","keywords":"Blazar; Particle acceleration; Polarization (electrochemistry); Linear polarization; Active galactic nucleus; Plasma; Astrophysical jet; Acceleration; Shock wave","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001438564,0.0001392845,0.0002244666,0.0001482416,0.00002313697,0.00003289374,0.00007242072,0.0002098937,0.006966417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001282964,0.0001264054,0.00004486881,0.0001553645,0.000008418927,0.00004445695,0.00002417727,0.0001067321,0.00009660127],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004829601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005049616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006253096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002101551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992216,0.00004312556,0.0002963293,0.0001699781,0.0001308946,0.0001381219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995228,0.00007306213,0.000118421,0.0002325412,0.00002591631,0.00002725738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001849585,0.0001784631,0.006705331,0.0002318017,0.00004235618,0.000003086469,0.0001998164,0.00001267753,0.0003342908,0.4875686,0.4996666,0.005038521],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006322671,0.0001022509,0.017884,0.001296151,0.0003022581,0.000005227919,0.0001688907,0.06104094,0.00145493,0.3855974,0.5239485,0.001876776],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009153286,0.00006684503,0.03350101,0.0004763106,0.0002227808,0.0006080113,0.00002461427,0.0003133114,0.9638718],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03078651,0.0000150836,0.01249788,0.0001524346,0.0001154347,0.00002333532,0.00008997064,0.0001155137,0.9562038],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1019712,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9939414,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05298148632841339,"score_gpt":0.3448576857328661,"score_spread":0.2918761994044528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}