{"id":"W7083343764","doi":"","title":"Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Census and Population Estimation","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Marshall Space Flight Center; Háskóli Íslands; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; National Science Foundation; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Goddard Space Flight Center; Universitetet i Oslo; Yale University; University of Crete; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Turun Yliopisto; Aarhus Universitet; California Institute of Technology; Stockholms Universitet; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","keywords":"Blazar; Particle acceleration; Polarization (electrochemistry); Linear polarization; Active galactic nucleus; Plasma; Astrophysical jet; Acceleration; Shock wave","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001415654,0.0001486447,0.00006468639,0.0008984695,0.0003190578,0.0004710661,0.0001093284,0.00009114845,0.0162389],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001209803,0.00006336688,0.00003466135,0.001289616,0.0003118211,0.0002075767,0.0003528353,0.0001655088,0.002751674],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002082714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008937064,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006515998,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008196817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998869,0.00002830592,0.000008719091,0.00002078809,0.00003168617,0.00002363285],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992969,0.0001480413,0.00032138,0.00006156652,0.0001080048,0.00006402584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007845366,0.00002583641,0.9438633,0.00004292441,0.000008882681,0.0001649982,0.000396194,0.0002800623,0.003537899,0.004372084,0.01685773,0.03037163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002236995,0.000007893651,0.9915197,0.000007116685,0.000001848791,0.0001575615,0.0002312605,0.0001979303,0.0006869677,0.0003386897,0.006846769,0.000001856383],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8862363,0.0001455037,0.001997744,0.000373175,0.0000184315,0.00004704745,0.02686067,0.0002038659,0.08411726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9819093,0.0001800013,0.001889337,0.00009705342,0.00003016518,0.00002093278,0.009627382,0.00003649106,0.006209296],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0162389,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05432451,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05298148632841339,"score_gpt":0.3448576857328661,"score_spread":0.2918761994044528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}