{"id":"W7083634030","doi":"","title":"pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Institut Périmètre de physique théorique; Stockholms Universitet; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; National Science Foundation; Government of Canada; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser; Aspen Center for Physics; Science and Technology Facilities Council; European Commission; Dell EMC","keywords":"Star formation; Galaxy; Photometry (optics); Galaxy formation and evolution; Stellar mass; Lenticular galaxy; Galaxy merger; Luminous infrared galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001032112,0.0008020576,0.0006833429,0.0008842524,0.0003867371,0.0008942385,0.001910672,0.001108283,0.005542842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003224366,0.0006336684,0.001498441,0.0006926001,0.0005829792,0.0008298659,0.0009003142,0.001569305,0.002178916],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001077584,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007277802,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0212138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02594447,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998406,0.00004991982,0.000006256785,0.00005451727,0.00001806175,0.000030637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990557,0.0005053654,0.00007616333,0.0001733869,0.00008925207,0.0001001222],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002755357,0.0001167879,0.07355235,0.0001457099,0.0003008138,0.0002384273,0.000184666,0.8790531,0.001363872,0.01123825,0.01478503,0.01874539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005034675,0.00003229492,0.006249237,0.00002788085,0.00003433913,0.0001049385,0.00002419232,0.9828562,0.0005089907,0.006557203,0.00353525,0.0000191438],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7696502,0.001470361,0.1654616,0.001224061,0.0001719769,0.000176509,0.0485285,0.007112495,0.006204311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8695586,0.0006494008,0.05215908,0.0005139182,0.0001368024,0.0003963596,0.06919612,0.0009527007,0.006437084],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0212138,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04218066,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02816452554243557,"score_gpt":0.2211983846477854,"score_spread":0.1930338591053498,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}