{"id":"W7084076441","doi":"10.64628/aam.g47d7eatx","title":"Canadian immigrants are overqualified and underemployed — reforms must address this","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Public Health and Environmental Issues","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Government (linguistics); Work (physics); Public policy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001785977,0.0001300122,0.0001411303,0.00006240958,0.0002329544,0.00004310727,0.0001724138,0.00009884253,0.006473172],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002515342,0.0001020069,0.00002303859,0.0001899527,0.0001265027,0.0002136111,0.0001338613,0.0001066885,0.0005252467],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005728359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003393886,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7334904,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7760246,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988796,0.00002783565,0.0001752337,0.0002975195,0.0001640708,0.0004557971],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999236,0.00002364544,0.00003201492,0.0002350254,0.000001746859,0.0004715617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002308607,0.00006657138,0.8669823,0.00004227079,0.00002218556,0.00001794788,0.0005658219,0.00001797579,0.0005376444,0.001134923,0.113779,0.01681023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003316874,0.00002077659,0.8337413,0.00002002508,0.0000058297,0.000002436225,0.0008756387,0.0001088008,0.0003578968,0.0006323411,0.1637248,0.0001784799],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5630939,0.00007354084,0.00001572734,0.005087509,0.00009677437,0.0001880183,0.00002007802,0.00004318488,0.4313813],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9628259,0.00009418488,0.0001156123,0.005770778,0.00001113571,0.00001460721,0.00001041467,0.00000779548,0.0311496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4002317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9944351,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01258996888480461,"score_gpt":0.2543580882929594,"score_spread":0.2417681194081547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}