{"id":"W7096429472","doi":"","title":"NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DECENTRALISATION IN AFRICA AND THE NATURE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS &amp;apos; COMPETITION: EVIDENCE FROM BENIN","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; General partnership; Developing country; Work (physics); Subject (documents); Devolution (biology)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001915134,0.0003668252,0.001070023,0.001625785,0.001205039,0.002371281,0.0006390696,0.0008869476,0.02001417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00814653,0.0002688745,0.0002482237,0.005445343,0.0007848548,0.002077135,0.0009185738,0.001453007,0.001750305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002734205,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002126182,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1303113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1776966,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991234,0.0002959113,0.00005725724,0.0001128311,0.0001444531,0.0002661383],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9906176,0.003767246,0.003619468,0.0002274433,0.0009568874,0.0008113125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001135013,0.0002208831,0.6197844,0.001226645,0.0005714779,0.002064676,0.002875223,0.004562909,0.0003415423,0.04545377,0.2655354,0.0562281],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003342852,0.0001164406,0.7484193,0.001072839,0.0003724213,0.000460767,0.01168662,0.002174919,0.0008461348,0.007887145,0.2265581,0.00007087783],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7086956,0.06140881,0.001877926,0.07704917,0.0006035101,0.0001326553,0.07522184,0.000117757,0.07489267],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9357612,0.01823844,0.0004812122,0.002003332,0.000329743,0.000112389,0.01596118,0.00005738289,0.02705509],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1303113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2591056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06676503507171376,"score_gpt":0.3106384884330102,"score_spread":0.2438734533612965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}