{"id":"W7098532130","doi":"","title":"© Canadian Journal of Regional Science/Revue canadienne des sciences régionales, XX:1,2 (Spring-Summer/Printemps-Été 1997), 29-48. Metropolis ISSN: 0705-4580 Printed in Canada/Imprimé au Canada Immigration and Poverty in","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Earnings; Poverty; Population; Immigration policy; Face (sociological concept)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001583091,0.0006571956,0.0008484526,0.00202209,0.003145098,0.00966404,0.001239553,0.002150276,0.2035942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003268895,0.0004420655,0.000484558,0.005400373,0.002615427,0.001885905,0.001851811,0.001676363,0.04585357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02585693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05131343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9026872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9131747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986651,0.0001449084,0.00005594464,0.000200916,0.0006116135,0.0003215568],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983371,0.0001911507,0.00009425717,0.0001719469,0.0008433786,0.0003620241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004754236,0.00002205839,0.003148738,0.0005883778,0.00001983379,0.0001740861,0.0008249634,0.0004991487,0.0004160214,0.09694502,0.7729712,0.1243431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001756523,0.000001641315,0.001878585,0.0000861864,0.000002469945,0.00002677871,0.0002702662,0.00003746612,0.00002512644,0.0004950812,0.9971691,0.000005573479],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0054155,0.1182645,0.001410332,0.05174807,0.005288859,0.0000869229,0.01126033,0.000685563,0.8058398],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06301121,0.05450053,0.002790279,0.002028945,0.0005781859,0.00004872253,0.002601061,0.0005744496,0.8738666],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.2035942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6810905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03330243637357742,"score_gpt":0.1931444795205089,"score_spread":0.1598420431469315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}