{"id":"W7100923805","doi":"","title":"the Income Tax and Welfare Systems","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"History of Computing Technologies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Progressive tax; Social security; Redistribution (election); Welfare; Indirect tax; Tax credit; State income tax; Population; Tax reform","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002213545,0.00005455516,0.00005760337,0.00003346822,0.0002906791,0.0001053913,0.0009152261,0.00003116381,0.000001528134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007077339,0.00002354406,0.00001164271,0.00008121414,0.0001248459,0.0001288688,0.0004484275,0.00003415496,0.00004591493],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002879469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009837639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000016369,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005766252,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994815,0.00002578632,0.00008865652,0.0001557316,0.0001083706,0.0001399484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992309,0.000144787,0.00003522271,0.0005378132,0.00002701499,0.00002427995],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[3.304155e-7,0.000001563685,0.000454466,0.000002289248,0.000002779979,0.000002193528,0.00002609073,7.126364e-7,0.000082817,0.9038491,0.003781534,0.09179609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001728904,0.00006211083,0.004914879,0.00003542901,0.000001028943,0.00004397813,0.00005332923,0.004158607,0.0002403305,0.01241901,0.9777334,0.0001649818],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03615786,0.001268923,0.8737658,0.0726421,0.001368457,0.0001781587,6.041357e-7,0.002414175,0.01220397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9904945,0.00001419999,0.006394427,0.00002356909,0.00001458687,0.000004705898,6.395318e-9,0.000002490142,0.00305149],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9739519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2235698,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00758117045014278,"score_gpt":0.1957439937908505,"score_spread":0.1881628233407077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}