{"id":"W7102328632","doi":"","title":"QUEST (Quasar Unsupervised Encoder and Synthesis Tool): A machine learning framework to generate quasar spectra","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; University of Colorado Boulder; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Office of Science; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Oxford; York University; Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; University of Notre Dame; Carnegie Mellon University; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; University of Washington; Johns Hopkins University; Carnegie Institution of Washington; University of Utah; Yale University; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ohio State University; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Smithsonian Institution; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; European Commission; New Mexico State University; University of Portsmouth; Vanderbilt University","keywords":"Quasar; Spectral line; Photometry (optics); Redshift; Pattern recognition (psychology); Emission spectrum","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008374562,0.0006569295,0.0003359618,0.000571289,0.0002578635,0.0005178364,0.00143715,0.0007446848,0.004228442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003606604,0.0005327904,0.0006152956,0.0002620504,0.0004104796,0.0006828558,0.0009952741,0.001248484,0.001219585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005605398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006960735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003288827,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007119429,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998559,0.00003920094,0.000007204681,0.00003857869,0.00004450394,0.0000147672],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993275,0.0004259147,0.00004750353,0.0000857031,0.00007876537,0.00003463854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002690625,0.0002013924,0.007080758,0.00022783,0.0001612559,0.0003275581,0.00019142,0.7433187,0.01126986,0.0335938,0.01878525,0.184573],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001500184,0.00001664442,0.0001737673,0.000006411992,0.000003417672,0.00002826652,0.000004662515,0.9912889,0.001885408,0.005172558,0.001399481,0.000005407663],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.02316435,0.000227886,0.9553497,0.0001966521,0.00007390329,0.0001017626,0.001766191,0.01748196,0.001637531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3338312,0.0002339895,0.6538938,0.000284428,0.00005860297,0.0005370374,0.005208838,0.002241406,0.003710631],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004228442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01414555,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01336434369056899,"score_gpt":0.2321244233098952,"score_spread":0.2187600796193262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}