{"id":"W7104372414","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2025.107990","title":"AIS underrepresents vessel traffic in Scotland's Marine Protected Areas","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ocean & Coastal Management","topic":"Marine animal studies overview","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland; UK Research and Innovation; Heriot-Watt University","keywords":"Automatic Identification System; Marine protected area; Research vessel; Marine safety; Scale (ratio); Broadcasting (networking)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001518554,0.0003629167,0.0003543117,0.003575257,0.0007092009,0.001767372,0.0005182622,0.0003687555,0.001996587],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007426654,0.0002181821,0.0004700598,0.002969051,0.0004890834,0.0009619628,0.001681048,0.0002780275,0.0005058007],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001598562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001011877,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.180604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.238392,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977918,0.000343375,0.0002309987,0.0002560578,0.000956981,0.0004207399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936394,0.001090714,0.003029521,0.0003198849,0.001442915,0.000477521],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006757861,0.0000158891,0.9841883,0.00005236903,0.00003616074,0.0002376631,0.001323989,0.0002319386,0.0006783979,0.00008457927,0.001008748,0.0120744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002302162,0.00005356044,0.9959294,0.00002655116,0.00001678532,0.0001848185,0.001513776,0.000482683,0.00007915313,0.00006316749,0.001639914,0.000007931381],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947714,0.0001354695,0.000493767,0.0001519944,0.00002017142,0.00002663028,0.001089703,0.00002230282,0.003288453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972639,0.0001481519,0.000474107,0.0000940582,0.00002084213,0.00002343454,0.001166081,0.0000106083,0.0007987675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.180604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3591056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009632610902242239,"score_gpt":0.2304597742375652,"score_spread":0.2208271633353229,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}