{"id":"W7104681873","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5729784","title":"The Implications of Sorting for Immigrant Wage Assimilation and Changing Cohort Quality in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Human capital; Wage; Sorting; Assimilation (phonology); Immigration policy; Download","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003312198,0.0002439521,0.0007511785,0.002247425,0.008892578,0.00372441,0.001939346,0.001043499,0.009720765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01008677,0.0002274542,0.0006030265,0.004670076,0.002657417,0.001179714,0.002339894,0.001393017,0.000327358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03877944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.07940576,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.994541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9968418,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972553,0.000249066,0.00009566219,0.0003586723,0.0003954061,0.001645869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9930112,0.0009985031,0.0009245386,0.0003684397,0.002635082,0.002062259],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005280707,0.0001244594,0.922208,0.000070898,0.0001405086,0.0002260111,0.01322662,0.001885747,0.0005517344,0.02125569,0.006224197,0.03355806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000444163,0.00005292514,0.9636021,0.0001024901,0.00005116743,0.00003689855,0.02413624,0.002690977,0.0002345431,0.003308997,0.005679599,0.00005959428],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9897338,0.0004975001,0.0002816395,0.003085663,0.00003559376,0.00002540709,0.0009749325,0.0000125139,0.00535304],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99586,0.0001941375,0.0001703736,0.000160741,0.000006236703,0.000006881065,0.0002678523,0.000007827406,0.003325923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03877944,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2813659,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01480521313059314,"score_gpt":0.3237906522619418,"score_spread":0.3089854391313486,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}