{"id":"W7105982889","doi":"10.7939/83024","title":"Atypical morphology in the skull of Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai: contributions of pathology and taphonomy to observed variation within dinosaur death assemblages","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"University of Alberta Library","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Taphonomy; Skull; Morphology (biology); Cretaceous; Population; Fossil Record; Variation (astronomy); Vertebrate","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001795217,0.0003327876,0.0002379926,0.001926593,0.0006328304,0.0005063371,0.000372223,0.0004361379,0.001918141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006304822,0.0002868259,0.0002135183,0.000669008,0.001091857,0.0002965231,0.0008509779,0.0002229759,0.0004333393],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002960915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000139289,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006451962,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0301832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997458,0.00002810915,0.00002324741,0.0001072789,0.00005271144,0.00004293194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996038,0.00006740668,0.0001810236,0.00004495741,0.00005174419,0.00005113384],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001553227,0.00002846456,0.9615672,0.00005338061,0.0001134965,0.0009214912,0.002245738,0.00009955982,0.02542394,0.00006238434,0.00006071819,0.009268259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.990814e-7,0.00002368348,0.9985821,0.000002630579,0.000007554441,0.0007383653,0.0003909832,0.00003679121,0.0001397862,0.00001201574,0.00006250527,0.000002972689],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995246,0.00007122273,0.00005384481,0.000004408935,0.000001280054,0.000002846517,0.00006081427,0.000002630291,0.0002783015],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999544,0.00005744574,0.0001262848,0.000007272012,0.000002208827,0.000004475839,0.00009661973,0.000002751695,0.0001588474],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006451962,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01282883,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01141679208089981,"score_gpt":0.1967677893406716,"score_spread":0.1853509972597717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}