{"id":"W7106028697","doi":"10.1016/j.trd.2025.105112","title":"Digital twin applications for transportation decarbonization and air quality improvement","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment","topic":"Vehicle emissions and performance","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Air quality index; Quality (philosophy); Quality management; Air pollution; Aviation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007657099,0.0005412775,0.0003886727,0.001435274,0.0004721635,0.00247996,0.0008512398,0.0008173177,0.02917935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002576863,0.0002585617,0.0003725988,0.003338552,0.0004407004,0.004249003,0.002409188,0.0008968988,0.002860129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006763447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005999251,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00141988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001872817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995152,0.00006956623,0.00002471136,0.00009342207,0.0002401162,0.00005704033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987898,0.0002932827,0.00006763048,0.0003055681,0.0004612599,0.00008241025],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001031053,0.0001892255,0.002573607,0.0005586654,0.00005668173,0.0002428283,0.0003007218,0.01163468,0.04583186,0.07575709,0.03008875,0.8317347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000182201,0.0009056898,0.005104249,0.0003115967,0.0002902094,0.0008760366,0.001137511,0.1866179,0.163035,0.1048729,0.5365347,0.0001319087],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.160592,0.01148451,0.558951,0.004664339,0.004788412,0.0003584872,0.002011906,0.00989307,0.2472563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.769479,0.006766986,0.1400405,0.001056415,0.0006712208,0.0001469649,0.001327799,0.0008512153,0.07965998],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02917935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09761459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02352754139825722,"score_gpt":0.2966040379939123,"score_spread":0.2730764965956551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}