{"id":"W7106271513","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111622","title":"Gaps in tipping points research across freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biological Conservation","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Ottawa; Université Laval; University of Toronto; Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Carleton University","keywords":"Ecosystem; Terrestrial ecosystem; Climate change; Ecosystem ecology; Biodiversity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001385922,0.00007361725,0.0001198024,0.00004045786,0.0001544732,0.00005602026,0.000158249,0.0001270913,0.0001051419],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002901868,0.00005257155,0.00001659533,0.0003303002,0.000167718,0.0000774963,0.0004117261,0.0001472296,0.00004363527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001124366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009813643,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005142908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03525454,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988175,0.0002437515,0.0002427618,0.0003042149,0.000123427,0.0002683467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995742,0.0002254145,0.00003704915,0.000116661,0.00000890962,0.00003769609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000385153,0.00002539055,0.9882307,0.00001098658,0.000001612214,0.000004950182,0.00004815197,0.00001431345,0.008464811,0.00057045,0.0003193461,0.002270762],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000503473,0.00007121809,0.9487141,0.00007457195,7.326436e-7,0.000002894755,0.0001488229,0.03114753,0.0002703179,0.003403652,0.01555949,0.0001032083],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956592,0.000039744,0.00005419727,0.001112912,0.0001453672,0.000293396,0.000007452649,0.0000176654,0.002670021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992024,0.00007604696,0.0002102338,0.0001520792,0.00002056388,0.00002987237,0.0000157223,0.000002138336,0.0002909866],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03951663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9823496,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04739618011252337,"score_gpt":0.3279460033877612,"score_spread":0.2805498232752378,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}