{"id":"W7109224111","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-30104-9.00014-0","title":"An engineer’s guide to steels","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Material Selection and Properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Austenite; Cladding (metalworking); Piping; Corrosion; Pressure vessel; High pressure; Carbon fibers; Carbon steel","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003194257,0.0003703484,0.0004500296,0.000177379,0.0001289836,0.0002119203,0.0004687596,0.0002565106,0.00633946],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002358567,0.00032175,0.00009702102,0.0000140405,0.00004775547,0.00005922392,0.0001214046,0.0001601373,0.001839671],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009643869,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001544913,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006128788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004585974,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983995,0.0000413448,0.0004564789,0.000512615,0.0002833901,0.0003066782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989087,0.00002037243,0.00009711234,0.0006315595,0.0001428499,0.0001994054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006309034,0.000008468718,2.754314e-7,0.0001627458,0.00002489139,0.00001246295,0.0002900636,0.00001428249,0.1034548,0.01350246,0.008708914,0.8737575],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008888709,0.0001188367,0.000001102832,0.0002230666,0.00003178617,0.000004849158,0.00000390502,0.000003323789,0.04103503,0.0008902531,0.9572276,0.0003713751],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001534798,0.0002090585,0.00004493384,0.0000940791,0.002043084,0.0004995766,0.00007925831,0.0002768516,0.9965997],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003781703,0.00001959788,0.001518212,0.001421653,0.000560315,0.00005234804,0.00001582271,0.00005690398,0.995977],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9485187,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01375557058502636,"score_gpt":0.2567937754092103,"score_spread":0.243038204824184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}