{"id":"W7110921694","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0313972.s005","title":"Annual financial support in Canadian and US dollars to international graduate students (MSc and PhD in physics and biology). Gross Minimum Stipend (GMS) is the guaranteed minimum funding for an MSc or PhD student provided by the institution. Net Minimum Stipend (NMS) is the GMS minus tuition and fees for an institution. MBM Shortfall is the NMS minus the Market Basket Measure (MBM), a poverty threshold, for an institution’s location. US Biology stipends are from [12] and should be considered a rough approximation of the US stipends, without accounting for fees or taxes (see text).","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Figshare","topic":"Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Stipend; Poverty; Financial engineering; Graduate students; Disbursement; Net income","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00252585,0.0008681547,0.0009412336,0.0003144807,0.004610377,0.0007160496,0.001332309,0.0006876142,0.0001735514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003850147,0.0004715779,0.0001562229,0.0006861641,0.0009033362,0.001326727,0.0006063738,0.0007790885,6.249767e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005228162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003279237,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02230972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4731433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943421,0.0008059381,0.001630105,0.001505435,0.0005650602,0.001151298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993999,0.002409112,0.001111483,0.0008944341,0.001264583,0.0003213902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01374405,0.002679276,0.3234985,0.003578489,0.00183537,0.000005034677,0.2143392,0.0007506139,0.0004161749,0.004270342,0.411945,0.022938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01807364,0.002537271,0.6053925,0.005056114,0.001290222,0.00006519163,0.1300624,0.06264666,0.0001413729,0.004317445,0.1685912,0.001825932],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7017986,0.001695093,0.0004340261,0.02171865,0.0009700569,0.0159433,0.2573821,0.00002704442,0.00003113709],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9752908,0.0002811268,0.0002389813,0.009598692,0.0004962256,0.007037649,0.006728058,0.00005806511,0.0002704436],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4508336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997736,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2769360179705861,"score_gpt":0.4501835015070152,"score_spread":0.173247483536429,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}