{"id":"W7111253842","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c01004","title":"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Southern Ontario Drinking Water and Wastewater","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS ES&T Water","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Effluent; Wastewater; Raw water; Surface water; Sewage treatment; Water quality","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002297543,0.00036307,0.0002808773,0.001079724,0.001872661,0.0009417202,0.000346146,0.0003143681,0.0006451362],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043465,0.0002761882,0.0002135637,0.002134893,0.0007239004,0.0002079045,0.0003995612,0.0002205042,0.0001501256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009722827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008045607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9286184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9723832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991333,0.0000302418,0.00003171914,0.0001384565,0.0005362589,0.0001301813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99963,0.00002157818,0.00006711888,0.00001047453,0.0002267688,0.0000440912],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004759233,0.00007790164,0.6133459,0.0004918265,0.00008620533,0.0008914886,0.007632768,0.0009435368,0.3396187,0.000244201,0.000762798,0.03542876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001042492,0.0001356286,0.9600162,0.00002539872,0.00003970257,0.0001791136,0.002722303,0.0005325608,0.02802416,0.00005901145,0.008229915,0.00002556935],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996447,0.0002874394,0.0001952208,0.0000403781,0.000002811421,0.0000271445,0.0006411452,0.000009220773,0.002349565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934165,0.0005501457,0.0008694941,0.00005607907,0.000003217524,0.00002632126,0.0008839358,0.000006015915,0.004188305],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07138163,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.143604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01007977776732001,"score_gpt":0.2298327276581552,"score_spread":0.2197529498908352,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}