{"id":"W7111295339","doi":"10.3390/electronics14163231","title":"A Fractional-Order State Estimation Method for Supercapacitor Energy Storage","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electronics","topic":"Advanced Control Systems Design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Queen's University","keywords":"Observability; Control theory (sociology); Kalman filter; Observer (physics); Electric power system; Energy storage; State observer; State (computer science); Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003660083,0.0004475349,0.0005553245,0.0002631264,0.0003486016,0.0005623909,0.0004672069,0.0005609721,0.001327642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001066879,0.0002659314,0.0005443108,0.0002454018,0.0004306464,0.0005454726,0.0004327604,0.0008987007,0.0002056012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005100551,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006607018,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00581601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004507918,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998154,0.0000341319,0.00001334328,0.0000568076,0.00006175652,0.00001854074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997225,0.0001198854,0.0000579147,0.00003060786,0.00006101816,0.000008014977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001204234,0.0000389953,0.000694526,0.0001560022,0.00005509455,0.00008949571,0.0001710621,0.8297962,0.02154131,0.01427956,0.0007301269,0.1323272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000167861,0.00001380619,0.00006152455,0.000003945346,0.000004031403,0.000007112631,0.000003253091,0.9979406,0.000911198,0.0006321645,0.0004167504,0.000003923165],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004865408,0.00009426341,0.9943733,0.0000373023,0.00001939064,0.000009067051,0.00001041118,0.0001335416,0.0004572842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.841667,0.0004404006,0.153546,0.00008634236,0.00005686775,0.0001080215,0.0001160861,0.00005112158,0.003928057],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00581601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01156431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005156697797339729,"score_gpt":0.2510944201904436,"score_spread":0.2459377223931039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}