{"id":"W7113896316","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134757","title":"Influence of groundwater discharge on stream chloride concentrations in mixed urban land use sub-watersheds receiving road salt applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hydrology","topic":"Smart Materials for Construction","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Groundwater; Hydrology (agriculture); Land use; Chloride; Groundwater discharge; Salt (chemistry)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002687372,0.0000921346,0.0002129137,0.000136637,0.00005373948,0.00002010789,0.0001676234,0.00007369585,0.00005731433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006366457,0.00007712066,0.00004513418,0.0001935034,0.0001757243,0.0003530972,0.00005256956,0.0001425597,0.00002102538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001350209,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002332412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005520775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008357535,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989573,0.0000958499,0.0005060377,0.0001360976,0.0001289267,0.0001757429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994124,0.0000891746,0.0002767523,0.0001585283,0.00001984531,0.00004325957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001046509,0.00008401248,0.8625326,0.000004888091,0.0000154928,0.000003291625,0.0001202713,0.01030564,0.1263939,0.0001523702,0.00006610779,0.0002167732],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004992295,0.0001378768,0.9321392,0.00003414075,0.00002213712,0.00003670876,0.00001134875,0.0001725948,0.06531133,0.0006911846,0.0008781386,0.00006614991],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989172,0.000009178057,0.0002031676,0.000378944,0.0002363217,0.0001541766,0.000004825401,0.000006323553,0.00008985765],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996713,0.00002895969,0.0001153343,0.0001000063,0.00004043415,0.00001222824,0.000003515902,0.000005419598,0.00002276477],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06960661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3144889,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006451295991055248,"score_gpt":0.2209812439953441,"score_spread":0.2145299480042889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}