{"id":"W7114041789","doi":"","title":"GW231123: A Binary Black Hole Merger with Total Mass 190–265 M ⊙","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Social Fund; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Science and Technology Council; European Regional Development Fund; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal; National Research Foundation; Vlaamse regering; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Education, India; Conseil Régional, Île-de-France; Israel Science Foundation; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; Division of Human Resource Development; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; Generalitat de Catalunya; Generalitat Valenciana; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; U.S. Department of Energy; National Research, Development and Innovation Office; Great Southern Development Commission, Government of Western Australia; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej; Academia Sinica; Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Leverhulme Trust; European Commission; Russian Science Foundation; Scottish Funding Council; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej; Centres de Recerca de Catalunya; Institut des Origines de Lyon; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Science and Engineering Research Board; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Binary black hole; Black hole (networking); Stellar black hole; Redshift; Intermediate-mass black hole; Spin-flip; Primordial black hole; Luminosity","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003667928,0.0005105087,0.0003974161,0.0005973835,0.001018159,0.0006972114,0.0003655674,0.00089863,0.001880359],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007466719,0.0002054421,0.0004192109,0.0006093395,0.0004545416,0.0003398172,0.001131286,0.0009130368,0.0005847455],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007613773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002850591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007608127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01116696,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997773,0.00001971451,0.00001083409,0.00005892438,0.00005796583,0.00007538225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995944,0.00003518503,0.00008770295,0.00004142205,0.0000302234,0.0002110458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005405576,0.0004759838,0.7705448,0.0001559784,0.0006511843,0.062525,0.002216447,0.00329669,0.05714922,0.007467773,0.02937728,0.06073393],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000170145,0.0006615545,0.9533198,0.00002827612,0.0001011343,0.01219036,0.0005326038,0.004249565,0.006803024,0.003059884,0.01876041,0.000123217],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912841,0.0001520272,0.001217461,0.0006072953,0.00009377432,0.0000544522,0.002469391,0.0002363761,0.003885064],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968327,0.00002206963,0.0004248263,0.0001462025,0.00002963857,0.00001119151,0.001599474,0.0000147252,0.0009192351],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007608127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01512766,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01820381677870766,"score_gpt":0.2783777306514472,"score_spread":0.2601739138727396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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