{"id":"W7114782617","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202451296/pdf","title":"The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M87","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","topic":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; National Key Research and Development Program of China; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Science and Technology Council; Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Office of Science; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Ministry of Education, India; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research Foundation of Korea; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; Generalitat Valenciana; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Academia Sinica; Vetenskapsrådet; International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of Energy; Leverhulme Trust; European Commission; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; National Radio Astronomy Observatory; Netherlands eScience Center; European Southern Observatory; China Scholarship Council; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Toray Science Foundation; National Research Foundation; Compute Canada; Joint Institute for Computational Fundamental Science; University of Arizona; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Associated Universities; Space Telescope Science Institute; Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences; National Nuclear Security Administration; National Center for Theoretical Sciences; National Science Foundation; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; University of Chicago; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Flatiron Health","keywords":"Supermassive black hole; Black hole (networking); Observatory; Accretion (finance); Ring (chemistry); Telescope; Shadow (psychology); Astrophysical jet","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009252581,0.0001160282,0.0001544672,0.0003914517,0.0001952109,0.0003980626,0.0001668286,0.0001646001,0.000841642],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001588946,0.00009360967,0.0001977832,0.0002667303,0.0001990341,0.0002467626,0.0002641406,0.000176492,0.0001889945],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002787917,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001120072,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003056462,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00499511,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999962,0.000003505276,0.000001337825,0.000007500929,0.00001197749,0.00001379279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999892,0.000009669436,0.00004119121,0.00002514705,0.000008523796,0.0000233293],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007444998,0.00009475476,0.6615833,0.0001213519,0.0001433639,0.004497721,0.001554148,0.008033998,0.2414084,0.005680541,0.004888216,0.07124959],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001054813,0.00006232547,0.9811285,0.00001092228,0.00003083773,0.0007204646,0.0002201507,0.007332658,0.007091586,0.0005137059,0.00286984,0.000008478331],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964898,0.00007871298,0.0008895789,0.00004716421,0.000007312586,0.000002488058,0.0002202694,0.00007258326,0.002191901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990578,0.00003427436,0.0005172766,0.00001224147,0.000006684701,7.897281e-7,0.0001777275,0.000009720166,0.0001834271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003056462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006077349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00951315809917487,"score_gpt":0.2212405354624794,"score_spread":0.2117273773633045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}