{"id":"W7114783212","doi":"10.59962/9780774872447-005","title":"3 Comparative Perspectives on the Canadian Anomaly among Federal Systems","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"book-chapter","venue":"University of British Columbia Press eBooks","topic":"Political Systems and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Anomaly (physics); Government (linguistics); Federalism; Federal state","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003811076,0.0005762862,0.0005519513,0.01043196,0.02036873,0.01496187,0.002200358,0.003131654,0.01958265],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0161458,0.0005106864,0.0004288341,0.023062,0.01231313,0.003725515,0.002127487,0.003614723,0.0004612698],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1969565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1354434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.996664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9981592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939783,0.0007951236,0.00009804586,0.0004591318,0.002226129,0.002443359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9922625,0.002122414,0.0003363843,0.000315733,0.004247799,0.0007151978],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002128678,0.00000690025,0.001776097,0.00004526648,0.000007567024,0.00006788955,0.004251699,0.0004047182,0.00004336354,0.9383577,0.0384404,0.01657703],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003110672,0.00001862791,0.05130632,0.0006783446,0.00007341452,0.0001564582,0.02293651,0.002126762,0.000318363,0.1967545,0.7254713,0.0001283047],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03837645,0.01924166,0.001530894,0.09512849,0.000526179,0.00004612505,0.001288248,0.00007367396,0.8437883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8493325,0.01300647,0.002240337,0.008666905,0.0004075604,0.00004552873,0.0005123868,0.0001055128,0.1256829],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8030435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9314166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02484442665128958,"score_gpt":0.2132190273239934,"score_spread":0.1883746006727038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}