{"id":"W7114820786","doi":"","title":"Empowerment Gain and Causal Model Construction: Children and adults are sensitive to controllability and variability in their causal interventions","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Naval Research; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; John Templeton Foundation; Templeton World Charity Foundation; Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Santa Fe Institute","keywords":"Causal model; Causality (physics); Causation; Causal reasoning; Causal inference; Causal structure; Causal decision theory; Controllability; Reinforcement learning","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004977939,0.0004301389,0.0004014414,0.000749978,0.0004491638,0.001791136,0.0003972943,0.000811335,0.004705721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04827109,0.0004761488,0.0004217186,0.0003166026,0.002388839,0.002988883,0.002311711,0.001713038,0.0003473441],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005118286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004464086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001923101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001942807,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997279,0.0008764541,0.0001407749,0.000777414,0.0007212069,0.0002052937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9656039,0.02057635,0.007912776,0.003564716,0.001161319,0.001180868],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008133271,0.0004722361,0.7657504,0.0003707239,0.0002229469,0.00109279,0.02571315,0.005949618,0.01676512,0.02536343,0.003437517,0.1540488],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009874339,0.0006537039,0.8447381,0.0002651348,0.0002032537,0.003014249,0.007677562,0.01529737,0.009873256,0.1043732,0.0136193,0.000186161],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9752704,0.0007024577,0.01399585,0.001185259,0.00002274119,0.00004216748,0.0002165697,0.0001634289,0.008401027],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933701,0.0002217276,0.005529988,0.0001675608,0.000007219937,0.00004835041,0.0001502138,0.00002917974,0.0004756573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004977939,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02632618,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02396971480936445,"score_gpt":0.2160092897077237,"score_spread":0.1920395748983592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}