{"id":"W7114926167","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.114488","title":"In-situ measurement of lengthening kinetics of Widmanstätten ferrite in low carbon steel","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Today Communications","topic":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Nucleation; Ferrite (magnet); Austenite; Grain boundary; Microstructure; Optical microscope; Interphase; Carbon steel; Scanning electron microscope","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002933873,0.00009922466,0.0002851319,0.0001469259,0.00001210142,0.000008987354,0.0004865499,0.00007534982,0.00001675799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000422255,0.00009848376,0.00002469185,0.0001673367,0.00004774797,0.00004536424,0.0001771736,0.00009976666,8.253523e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007446083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001600434,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001851851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006445949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990526,0.00007546139,0.0005642604,0.00007977463,0.00009874443,0.0001291872],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990385,0.00003678138,0.00005718845,0.0007866969,0.00006578524,0.00001511735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001119762,0.00004635682,0.00003605995,0.0002395808,0.00001689835,2.184783e-7,0.0003472264,0.0007537744,0.9967855,0.001321404,0.00002320695,0.0004185918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003279993,0.00001652126,0.002067814,0.0005639203,0.00001280653,2.824965e-7,0.00008464709,0.0002393831,0.9951319,0.0005891786,0.0008821098,0.00008344735],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9863927,0.001846156,0.0001242693,0.0003283329,0.0002547505,0.0003036383,0.00001516991,0.0000307951,0.01070419],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985495,0.0003836451,0.0009585217,0.00002702984,0.000006553654,0.00002375789,0.000006844431,0.00001239115,0.00003173005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01215683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4016051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02014772596895173,"score_gpt":0.2328789465593861,"score_spread":0.2127312205904344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}