{"id":"W7114997034","doi":"10.1016/j.jece.2025.120709","title":"Life cycle comparison of biochar and activated carbon adsorbents for PFOS removal: Impacts and disposal pathways","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of environmental chemical engineering","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Biochar; Life-cycle assessment; Activated carbon; Environmental impact assessment; Incineration; Straw; Carbon sequestration; Sawdust; Greenhouse gas; Wastewater","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000852133,0.0007760737,0.0005718553,0.001204145,0.0004049641,0.0007839332,0.0003251279,0.0005737443,0.001428987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007811915,0.000185112,0.00146955,0.001017507,0.0001922209,0.0006720181,0.0003826609,0.0002714441,0.0002636864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00213781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009138841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00934494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0106896,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996412,0.00006154617,0.00002172838,0.00004903417,0.000161084,0.00006539258],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995362,0.0001209608,0.00006851044,0.00002165184,0.0002253894,0.00002732543],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005357632,0.0009565746,0.06988436,0.002670213,0.001177853,0.0005775813,0.0002045275,0.235358,0.5438991,0.001357522,0.001003094,0.1375535],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000159911,0.01455048,0.115163,0.0001708062,0.001142955,0.0004445242,0.0007689412,0.1837962,0.6693053,0.002039172,0.01227656,0.0001821918],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9927244,0.001837231,0.002241647,0.00005254594,0.00001314476,0.00008885976,0.001214969,0.000030748,0.00179657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937223,0.001539029,0.002017592,0.0000333998,0.000004032838,0.00008189662,0.001152619,0.00001294197,0.001436216],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00934494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01858109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008963458043133836,"score_gpt":0.245655027947793,"score_spread":0.2366915699046592,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}