{"id":"W7115193906","doi":"10.20944/preprints202512.1013.v1","title":"Digital Twins for Cows and Chickens: From Hype Cycles to Hard Evidence in Precision Livestock Farming","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Downtime; Sustainability; Precision agriculture; Corporate governance; Transparency (behavior); Accountability","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03855301,0.0005990581,0.0007020449,0.003733529,0.004201234,0.02031771,0.002121905,0.005929605,0.01037228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09552355,0.0005869354,0.0004684115,0.002968332,0.04489959,0.035647,0.01443886,0.007894165,0.001493839],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006026774,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005008014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002286988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003034378,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9838155,0.009308792,0.000715399,0.00174857,0.003615935,0.0007957167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8965116,0.08003571,0.002943272,0.01060404,0.006409774,0.003495588],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001845369,0.00006849461,0.003580391,0.0007441445,0.00003560044,0.0006729319,0.02018923,0.0007983967,0.0009067733,0.7402242,0.02630155,0.2062937],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002067603,0.000107058,0.00181649,0.003007801,0.00001816223,0.0004000033,0.02270764,0.0009831663,0.001227175,0.6330253,0.3366194,0.00006709482],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0803193,0.08627539,0.08151141,0.5702698,0.004944785,0.0001625323,0.000508412,0.000501466,0.1755069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8652427,0.03342288,0.04758634,0.0294624,0.002087588,0.000235776,0.0002730728,0.0004757695,0.02121356],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03855301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2038903,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1684011603721722,"score_gpt":0.3439221356870436,"score_spread":0.1755209753148713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}