{"id":"W7115565807","doi":"10.59232/dsm-v2i4p102","title":"Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Undergraduate Tourism Education to Meet International Standards","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"DS Journal of Multidisciplinary","topic":"Hospitality and Tourism Education","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Employability; Tourism; Curriculum; Software deployment; Human resources; International education; Digital transformation; Vietnamese; Intervention (counseling)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002986594,0.000385911,0.0005411288,0.002394608,0.0003237915,0.0007791456,0.0009084054,0.0002074137,0.0002384482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001501287,0.0003881084,0.0002661391,0.001774815,0.00010835,0.002197532,0.0005383431,0.0006438261,0.00003900439],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009216384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00148357,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005786257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008316025,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960358,0.0001044343,0.002076962,0.0004365321,0.0009101387,0.0004361522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962771,0.0001936506,0.001178692,0.0003013552,0.001975063,0.00007413874],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001208059,0.005127264,0.04727694,0.0007024377,0.0003648848,0.0001479293,0.006318218,0.005320833,0.0009681772,0.1624351,0.03657178,0.7335584],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001442327,0.0004791401,0.08125678,0.01604846,0.0004808088,0.00004539434,0.0838967,0.03922821,0.001893248,0.7230295,0.05042837,0.001771087],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7781405,0.001593327,0.05958282,0.1113829,0.02695339,0.0007874348,0.00002387769,0.0000285359,0.02150722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902365,0.0001904474,0.004839432,0.0005807027,0.003706403,0.00001731495,0.00001765309,0.00002952445,0.0003820293],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7317873,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998571,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01584967619552845,"score_gpt":0.335635119386379,"score_spread":0.3197854431908506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}