{"id":"W7115565943","doi":"10.1002/oa.70058","title":"Sharp Force Trauma and Chop Mark Identification Bias: Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Bone Morphology, Cortical Thickness, and Ax Material","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","topic":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Winnipeg","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Ariel University","keywords":"Fracture (geology); CHOP; Blunt; Cortical bone; Bone fracture; Identification (biology); Materials testing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001384323,0.0003322832,0.0002533643,0.0004066857,0.00030506,0.000499033,0.0005774119,0.0005229715,0.004026442],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006569986,0.0004094164,0.0002060149,0.0002299827,0.001506751,0.0003459639,0.0006717873,0.0003408588,0.0002973461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002998061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003032936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001979565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003677958,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988128,0.0002978737,0.00007381721,0.0003236582,0.0003804613,0.0001114123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942496,0.002967109,0.00130726,0.000770709,0.0004832974,0.0002219565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006763812,0.00121084,0.204225,0.0003011058,0.0002263551,0.0002555304,0.001338318,0.002417444,0.7582325,0.0005819313,0.0001521665,0.02429496],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008289655,0.007544204,0.8706055,0.00004648966,0.0001681534,0.0003520263,0.0008033153,0.00609326,0.1125095,0.0009762297,0.0007758526,0.00004255246],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979803,0.00004748398,0.001437282,0.00001058386,0.000004291107,0.00003188954,0.00006455142,0.00000671113,0.0004168483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997584,0.00003964472,0.001830277,0.00002422111,0.00000289384,0.00004485832,0.00008020559,0.00001121547,0.00038274],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004026442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01346982,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02866338658783892,"score_gpt":0.299920901233969,"score_spread":0.2712575146461301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}