{"id":"W7116044023","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140877","title":"Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on particles in secondary water supply systems: Interface changes, disinfection byproduct formation and toxicity risks","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National University's Basic Research Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Toxicity; Ultraviolet; Haloacetic acids; Peracetic acid; Particle (ecology); Water treatment; Dissolved organic carbon; Genotoxicity; Chloramination","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003264317,0.0002182521,0.0001756127,0.0002832883,0.0002751414,0.0003791765,0.0001532299,0.0005123304,0.002275988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004580406,0.0001320606,0.0004017814,0.0001673252,0.0002359704,0.0002701529,0.0001813228,0.0002950586,0.0002550076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003424245,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001673948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001321823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001097689,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997484,0.00005940232,0.00001407436,0.00004622222,0.00008800159,0.00004391718],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996476,0.0001435511,0.0000651398,0.00002196055,0.00009412777,0.00002750155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001600872,0.0001438771,0.0190724,0.0001389747,0.0000577942,0.0002679538,0.0002118682,0.0006846911,0.9658148,0.0001140113,0.000140224,0.01175249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001725096,0.00158823,0.05950173,0.00001302495,0.00007385917,0.0002786425,0.000264401,0.001178083,0.9358624,0.00009707049,0.001113218,0.00001207372],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975355,0.0005831621,0.0007482778,0.00001303577,0.00001006873,0.00001472871,0.0000438119,0.00001279792,0.001038622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986571,0.0002066824,0.0002854587,0.00001110892,0.000004880672,0.000003967584,0.00003590728,0.00000527047,0.0007896693],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002275988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007613897,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007361924739106152,"score_gpt":0.2345565325475015,"score_spread":0.2271946078083953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}