{"id":"W7116117035","doi":"10.1016/j.eswa.2025.130920","title":"Multilayer artificial benchmark for community detection (mABCD)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Expert Systems with Applications","topic":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; European Research Executive Agency; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki; Narodowe Centrum Nauki","keywords":"Flexibility (engineering); Graph; Benchmark (surveying); Uniqueness; Network science; Complex network; Community structure; Random graph","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000181808,0.0001292447,0.0001933878,0.00009359547,0.0006833398,0.0000724389,0.000205031,0.00003685086,0.00002127486],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000241421,0.0001146686,0.00008228741,0.0003689148,0.00004066434,0.00005355119,0.00003658783,0.000138937,0.000008242593],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004923483,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003389563,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001774002,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000180574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992329,0.00007505258,0.0002605277,0.0001905638,0.00007769117,0.0001632937],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989639,0.0001653108,0.0001069874,0.0005743723,0.0001504879,0.00003894436],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001747248,0.001706981,0.007345249,0.0001529881,0.001072016,1.408324e-7,0.001774246,0.002038479,0.04075398,0.5485776,0.03320801,0.3631956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007463415,0.000113305,0.0009902655,0.0001446638,0.0001686752,0.000001103764,0.004667976,0.05960895,0.03807029,0.01842885,0.8764136,0.000645939],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005198015,0.0001111275,0.9858362,0.00009289102,0.00005225359,0.001536433,0.00002302354,0.0001469265,0.007003128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9857309,7.396613e-7,0.002918404,0.0000322534,0.0003270003,0.01037085,0.00009683629,0.00001390098,0.0005090744],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9829178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5255766,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01815432120541413,"score_gpt":0.3061558408043978,"score_spread":0.2880015195989837,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}