{"id":"W7116286533","doi":"10.18280/ijsse.150901","title":"Dynamic Mirrored CAPTCHA Design and Security Evaluation","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"CAPTCHA; Poison control; Threat model; Vulnerability (computing); Human factors and ergonomics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00322745,0.0003170452,0.0004902568,0.0007292629,0.0001453615,0.0005342343,0.0008607066,0.0002077799,0.0000304067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004389269,0.000336322,0.0001549283,0.0003530488,0.00009525486,0.00100758,0.0003117873,0.0005864907,0.000003069094],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003321611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003394099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003460483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000166033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966956,0.0002915071,0.001254297,0.0003970943,0.00107299,0.0002885449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972599,0.0003830218,0.0005191851,0.0002539345,0.001365031,0.0002189782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002566617,0.001809597,0.001908645,0.002105274,0.007492736,0.0005268367,0.5225127,0.0340219,0.006823423,0.2110598,0.0009008576,0.2082715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001882362,0.00009146424,0.002924693,0.0008256125,0.0001298435,0.000325659,0.000321011,0.9798398,0.0001894962,0.009195504,0.0040094,0.0002651291],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1507957,0.01447273,0.8177373,0.009320734,0.006763131,0.0006525799,0.00003014535,0.00004696061,0.0001807642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938779,0.003311117,0.002468909,0.0001625137,0.0001101484,0.000004839241,0.000005708867,0.00001291225,0.00004595859],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9458179,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999089,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01237133936300073,"score_gpt":0.2696006855075657,"score_spread":0.2572293461445649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}