{"id":"W7116395043","doi":"10.1515/opli-2025-0073","title":"Phonotactic constraints and learnability: analyzing Dagaare vowel harmony with tier-based strictly local (TSL) grammar","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Open Linguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Vowel harmony; Phonotactics; Optimality theory; Harmony (color); Grammar; Phonology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007969262,0.0002125782,0.0002484389,0.0005567364,0.0002668822,0.001237403,0.0004181365,0.0002579314,0.002495314],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003484658,0.0002433419,0.0004575734,0.000368746,0.0006902615,0.001059027,0.001045916,0.0005825823,0.0003389596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006389037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004085292,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008609021,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01268109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997171,0.0001201615,0.00001575371,0.00009360497,0.00002174515,0.00003175426],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983778,0.001089099,0.0001421782,0.0002157783,0.0001118737,0.00006320718],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005707256,0.0002314796,0.2893964,0.0003987146,0.0002688498,0.0008052751,0.003801713,0.3207176,0.08232704,0.07051738,0.001790973,0.2291739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001201657,0.00009800259,0.0888058,0.0000328546,0.00003796975,0.0001825652,0.001132694,0.866118,0.006116065,0.03574087,0.001671412,0.00005181314],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8974819,0.0001048494,0.09765767,0.0001068729,0.00000587013,0.000027326,0.000350677,0.0003232887,0.00394153],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992324,0.00001532301,0.007100095,0.00001432457,0.000001278579,0.00001107544,0.0001925976,0.00002574509,0.0003154576],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008609021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01711786,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03306321306305185,"score_gpt":0.3732938541545461,"score_spread":0.3402306410914943,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}