{"id":"W7116398957","doi":"10.17613/ytjdh-kx428","title":"Speech as Social Mirror: Insights and Limitations in Perceiving Identity Through Linguistic Variation.","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Knowledge Commons (Lakehead University)","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Variation (astronomy); Perception; Interpretation (philosophy); Identity (music); Class (philosophy); American English; British English","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002827231,0.0001108351,0.0001930211,0.0004605148,0.001188396,0.00008570855,0.0002863597,0.000180134,0.00006990833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002560735,0.0001431232,0.00005346553,0.001316778,0.0002899836,0.000271453,0.0001527402,0.0002217124,0.00006353535],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003568149,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005937162,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004701938,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.775817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987335,0.0004521347,0.0001791828,0.0002697598,0.0001248432,0.0002406015],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986953,0.0007188769,0.00006673647,0.0001304627,0.0003204155,0.00006821658],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009947948,0.0001232761,0.00970227,0.00001380293,0.0000188404,0.00003211567,0.1043774,4.436644e-7,0.0000329923,0.884912,0.0002709551,0.0005059032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000809226,0.0000171519,0.2961921,0.00004783256,0.00006564439,0.000001050488,0.00641598,0.00003634519,0.000004177286,0.06146688,0.6347572,0.0001863663],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2269959,0.0001185494,0.001370856,0.00157695,0.0007909652,0.0001876191,0.000004109579,0.00008400263,0.768871],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9771061,0.0000155142,0.0002251304,0.0000273699,0.0001100296,0.000001426126,0.000007298949,0.0000057257,0.02250138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8234451,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.91403,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06413402309842547,"score_gpt":0.3234985370380329,"score_spread":0.2593645139396075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}