{"id":"W7116756428","doi":"10.15688/re.volsu.2025.3.5","title":"Establishing Russia’s Global Leadership in Higher Education: An Analysis of Barriers and Institutional Development Pathways","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Regionalnaya ekonomika Yug Rossii","topic":"Central Asia Education and Culture","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Bureaucracy; Scholarship; Government (linguistics); Higher education; International education; Position (finance); Global Leadership; State (computer science); Study abroad","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008364194,0.0003673912,0.0006249617,0.0005271829,0.00100791,0.0004484836,0.0005634215,0.0004117847,0.001336015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001769693,0.000385603,0.0002285137,0.004068054,0.001072487,0.0009817861,0.000105613,0.0002980386,0.000006658885],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001963186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01348659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001291458,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003912758,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966792,0.0003288134,0.0009245764,0.0008450242,0.0005551476,0.0006672402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983264,0.0001105529,0.000371454,0.0003309117,0.0002615156,0.0005992201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009648011,0.0006504225,0.3477087,0.0001242365,0.0005423339,0.00000314982,0.02129509,0.0005667313,0.00001154811,0.6114571,0.002142339,0.01540183],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005379891,0.00001618161,0.7951986,0.0002816173,0.0003460381,0.000001815163,0.07194273,0.0002134981,0.0000121953,0.001078608,0.1299892,0.0003815194],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9110048,0.006322618,0.00005361473,0.02509763,0.002518209,0.0005250015,0.00006133743,0.00004200975,0.05437479],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9895921,0.0002114242,0.0004106914,0.0016517,0.0002759332,0.00005478056,0.0002014189,0.00000809902,0.007593847],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6103785,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1135254567147249,"score_gpt":0.3165230031289868,"score_spread":0.2029975464142618,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}