{"id":"W7116776378","doi":"10.1080/15562948.2025.2602924","title":"Symbolic Punishment and Accommodation: Logics of Immigrant Welfare Inclusion and Exclusion in 22 Western Welfare States","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Immigration; Punishment (psychology); Inclusion (mineral); Welfare; Inclusion–exclusion principle; Welfare state","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004621968,0.0001721981,0.0003370882,0.00137398,0.01129955,0.008080973,0.00101481,0.001239351,0.005900356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009342173,0.0002322499,0.0003484142,0.001456533,0.02125818,0.004104195,0.01263918,0.002337065,0.0001765612],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01040533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00588116,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02363288,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03840248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959173,0.002465059,0.0001496415,0.0002927219,0.0002833327,0.0008919688],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947621,0.002561894,0.001027096,0.0004324742,0.0004664032,0.0007500122],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003288493,0.0002352076,0.03971085,0.00008994412,0.00003292287,0.0006077265,0.1113609,0.001046999,0.0004754769,0.8227294,0.001550917,0.02183097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001246513,0.0001903677,0.0798862,0.0004472843,0.00009702948,0.000287086,0.4828767,0.005852846,0.000863742,0.393289,0.03598934,0.00009581815],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9165348,0.000229794,0.002456501,0.004644298,0.00002286009,0.00003536256,0.00004604975,0.00001805976,0.07601223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987566,0.00002564794,0.000138636,0.0001173688,0.00000343382,0.00001327724,0.000009608103,0.000002919764,0.0009324935],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02363288,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07549632,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02002796985428758,"score_gpt":0.352799237591225,"score_spread":0.3327712677369374,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}