{"id":"W7116782656","doi":"10.15294/jpii.v14i4.21115","title":"Comparing 3D Virtual Labs and Traditional Labs: Impact on Teacher Training and Student Learning in Physics Education","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Resource (disambiguation); Significant difference; Virtual lab; Conceptual change; Training (meteorology); Conceptual framework; Physics education; Virtual learning environment; Teaching method","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002308265,0.000353971,0.0005025752,0.0005074557,0.001370972,0.0006919897,0.0003335667,0.0002019992,0.0003068561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001726143,0.0003517773,0.00009706909,0.00102065,0.0005776256,0.0007301213,0.00008141602,0.001272737,0.00001905827],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005492826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002803814,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007994075,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004862431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996527,0.0008373243,0.000590497,0.0006511007,0.0007680461,0.0006260731],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985121,0.000572995,0.0003166513,0.0001514663,0.0000989638,0.0003478609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007493892,0.000733073,0.7867788,0.00001904036,0.00004618526,0.000003191336,0.09973498,0.0004361074,0.00006080261,0.01661252,0.0003090089,0.09519133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007955095,0.0002709321,0.8785977,0.0003039677,0.00004058073,0.00001037116,0.1157922,0.001428449,0.0000128416,0.0006975685,0.001738993,0.0003108197],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768751,0.0005442011,0.00005066599,0.002119056,0.001498604,0.0003577043,0.000004447247,0.00002953444,0.01852069],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966055,0.0003232409,0.00003924344,0.000427337,0.001213662,0.00003191174,0.00001311801,0.00001642124,0.001329569],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09488051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08565820768657118,"score_gpt":0.3986384723687315,"score_spread":0.3129802646821603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}