{"id":"W7116885113","doi":"10.1080/15614263.2025.2605452","title":"Credence for clearance rates: modeling police clearance rates in Canadian municipalities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Police Practice and Research","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; Wilfrid Laurier University; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Credence; Clearance rate; Credence good; Clearance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006751347,0.0001354947,0.0002051972,0.0006523961,0.002363638,0.0005794196,0.0004770385,0.0001948143,0.00005680716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003553125,0.0001414017,0.00004571197,0.00128529,0.0005085334,0.001472474,0.00009630627,0.0007690577,0.00004705125],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003325093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0021036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9986523,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9929923,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963556,0.001211878,0.0002910742,0.0003788005,0.0004184713,0.001344184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9944296,0.004248149,0.00006652049,0.0003018019,0.0005686748,0.0003852373],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008436936,0.0002295194,0.005780584,0.0003362921,0.00008715419,0.000004156388,0.7548277,0.001969359,0.0002641371,0.2182059,0.007307155,0.01014429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000543438,0.00007885473,0.004467729,0.0003181544,0.00003015861,0.000003756912,0.3824991,0.02509856,0.00002942606,0.002770148,0.5838696,0.0002910407],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6992626,0.001499473,0.00009813216,0.08559166,0.0002605898,0.001107561,0.00004629085,0.0000587195,0.212075],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9777523,0.008424235,0.0004556153,0.002549127,0.0003316785,0.0001444056,0.000003141495,0.00001671086,0.01032278],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5765625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2331676389268943,"score_gpt":0.5559294053381206,"score_spread":0.3227617664112263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}