{"id":"W7117133680","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5782063","title":"<div> The Impact of Multigrade Classes on Student Achievement in Canada</div><div>         -- VERY PRELIMINARY VERSION --</div>","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Unobservable; Regression discontinuity design; Endogeneity; Classification of discontinuities; Academic achievement; Context (archaeology); Class (philosophy); Discontinuity (linguistics); Class size","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007839332,0.0003134201,0.0008154553,0.001537465,0.003212868,0.00262482,0.001479465,0.0007537032,0.02922252],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003557274,0.0002864496,0.0006696638,0.002588063,0.0009078255,0.0005675582,0.001636626,0.001904964,0.002250615],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.04196832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.05607327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.997196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9986355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985334,0.0001009477,0.00004182234,0.0001798207,0.0004090731,0.0007349053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9922484,0.0005484977,0.0004482634,0.0001532813,0.002481858,0.00411965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009960902,0.0004589727,0.8421808,0.0001309987,0.0002063251,0.0002719292,0.003947748,0.001244443,0.0006473115,0.01158464,0.07282314,0.06550764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001659463,0.00003547617,0.9892724,0.00004015409,0.00002277069,0.00001015423,0.001947561,0.0003543152,0.0002058574,0.0002840369,0.007794664,0.00001618646],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9334416,0.001108129,0.0001558362,0.006193426,0.0001519744,0.00003876037,0.02271098,0.00008795512,0.0361114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9405837,0.0004415649,0.0001155048,0.0001713342,0.00002010935,0.00001423347,0.00437692,0.00004914064,0.05422757],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04196832,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3045029,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02253381151704271,"score_gpt":0.3197426133758567,"score_spread":0.297208801858814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}