{"id":"W7117133680","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5782063","title":"<div> The Impact of Multigrade Classes on Student Achievement in Canada</div><div>         -- VERY PRELIMINARY VERSION --</div>","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Unobservable; Regression discontinuity design; Endogeneity; Classification of discontinuities; Academic achievement; Context (archaeology); Class (philosophy); Discontinuity (linguistics); Class size","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.01879866,0.005425133,0.00573336,0.003108431,0.006797771,0.001830929,0.01203003,0.00328106,0.002912651],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002347657,0.004691374,0.004413506,0.00571532,0.002213972,0.002538257,0.004351146,0.02286911,0.0009480978],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.05020854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.08544842,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3756889,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9494441,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9534151,0.006013304,0.007768986,0.005244358,0.01131472,0.01624351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9784868,0.003603871,0.007113306,0.005708851,0.002459327,0.00262787],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.03256222,0.02685334,0.3328319,0.003909606,0.0312218,0.0004817374,0.09587114,0.1223528,0.01938374,0.01203152,0.2548774,0.06762286],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01682532,0.007624825,0.3163789,0.008863451,0.004273246,0.0006649153,0.02048205,0.0008559541,0.0006176312,0.01171488,0.6014242,0.0102747],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.936765,0.03487032,0.0005541054,0.007202926,0.008493352,0.005669034,0.00106374,0.0002720185,0.005109565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8296196,0.1458299,0.0004353446,0.00104309,0.004880545,0.0004454781,0.0008060279,0.0004151485,0.01652478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5737553,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998298,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02253381151704271,"score_gpt":0.3197426133758567,"score_spread":0.297208801858814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}