{"id":"W7117152735","doi":"10.3390/app16010208","title":"Hybrid AI Systems for Tool Wear Monitoring in Manufacturing: A Systematic Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Interpretability; Hybrid system; Expert system; Sustainability; Tool wear","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000562884,0.0001118977,0.0002803459,0.0001352204,0.00006870362,0.0001683972,0.0002963506,0.00003259319,0.000002088836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002414917,0.00009665629,0.00003478911,0.0002469704,0.00003879001,0.0002635377,0.0000137339,0.00009544697,0.00002236935],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006903947,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000261233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002199355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.892517e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990072,0.000007620273,0.0004303969,0.0001451542,0.0001857642,0.0002238779],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996886,0.0001210295,0.00003118144,0.0001241508,0.00001165554,0.00002343281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003250792,0.00002598557,0.00009743463,0.866462,0.00006023049,0.000002967607,0.0002111488,0.07921733,0.0004411481,0.04993583,0.002601646,0.0009410651],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002162009,0.00009917152,0.0003231972,0.7168257,0.0003879341,0.00006507291,0.007177575,0.07167438,0.1783472,0.0105539,0.00980185,0.002581953],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1684532,0.06155103,0.0643985,0.000869586,0.006352291,0.02127755,0.00007425994,0.002172851,0.6748508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983778,0.0003098458,0.0001469318,0.00006244446,0.00002443786,0.0009309615,9.866592e-7,0.000007011871,0.0001395713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8299246,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3941529,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02032451112018251,"score_gpt":0.2615492008813159,"score_spread":0.2412246897611334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}