{"id":"W7117291022","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5964874","title":"Causation as a Conduct Element","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Jury Decision Making Processes","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01601917,0.0008276972,0.001005297,0.0007997564,0.002490833,0.001098049,0.002654456,0.0009072151,0.001727409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001916108,0.0008313918,0.0006893279,0.001359409,0.000413776,0.000596815,0.0008233252,0.01171836,0.0006508093],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01055919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.09490764,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001757894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01197543,"domain_scores_codex":[0.985815,0.001419331,0.001861915,0.001274198,0.002738621,0.006890955],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948559,0.0005858635,0.001960213,0.0007351156,0.001484811,0.0003780956],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001836622,0.0002612463,0.0001976186,0.00008966547,0.001020404,0.000012331,0.007513966,0.0006220645,0.00003638355,0.6773796,0.001511711,0.3111713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007365664,0.0004003628,0.00007106288,0.0005011514,0.0003742897,0.00014382,0.0300746,0.00005165761,0.00008582096,0.7891253,0.1777356,0.0006997351],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.299093,0.1134789,0.102464,0.07172234,0.0384144,0.007429894,0.0001578971,0.0007469992,0.3664925],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7885613,0.116412,0.0003183057,0.0006173814,0.001990932,0.00005180388,0.00001717921,0.00004821636,0.09198283],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4894683,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04255147795175337,"score_gpt":0.390261349247404,"score_spread":0.3477098712956506,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}