{"id":"W7117307458","doi":"10.1007/s00426-025-02217-x","title":"Measuring executive functions online: Interactive effects of experimenter presence, instruction feedback, session order, and task difficulty","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychological Research","topic":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; Memorial University of Newfoundland; Simon Fraser University; University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Session (web analytics); Task (project management); Cognition; Context (archaeology); Task analysis; Elementary cognitive task; Relevance (law); Executive functions; Comprehension","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003673483,0.0001676934,0.0002505209,0.000337623,0.0002704964,0.00004467033,0.0002126018,0.0001988719,0.000258356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001485939,0.0001222958,0.0000554041,0.001029959,0.0005136385,0.0001245216,0.0002462637,0.0009269232,0.00006158349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000414143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002355407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000648386,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005486904,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975567,0.0008413161,0.0002596163,0.0005799997,0.0003539688,0.0004083623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975913,0.001325912,0.00007639541,0.0002268304,0.0006806504,0.0000989339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006406955,0.008245147,0.03233855,0.0005074401,0.0005116729,0.00006007942,0.00976174,0.000005178398,0.0912551,0.00321706,0.01188221,0.8358089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00493334,0.002839298,0.946478,0.001205834,0.00004622139,0.00004172775,0.0227706,0.00004751706,0.01283497,0.003572572,0.004867297,0.0003626302],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9701788,0.0009232073,0.002321571,0.0002883413,0.0006691096,0.0004791054,0.0000105271,0.00006086706,0.02506848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931113,0.0001121094,0.0001057284,0.00007648164,0.00007597135,0.0002328964,0.00001471721,0.00001081794,0.006260011],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9141394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4987078,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1191165820756912,"score_gpt":0.4800056006811586,"score_spread":0.3608890186054674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}