{"id":"W7117324341","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5968295","title":"ESG Investing and Corporate Performance in Emerging Markets","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Emerging markets; Corporate governance; Leverage (statistics); Panel data; Equity (law); Return on assets; Empirical evidence; Robustness (evolution); Empirical research","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001398126,0.0002064199,0.0002555407,0.001074653,0.0003384068,0.002975588,0.0002648758,0.00100096,0.005948037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007061317,0.0000729397,0.0001514343,0.001626596,0.0006380794,0.002677395,0.0007613142,0.001098646,0.0006207107],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007562613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004068693,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004431596,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007466285,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997529,0.00006327873,0.00002421447,0.00002718806,0.000054334,0.00007809782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9893165,0.003576481,0.004807935,0.0002539254,0.0008637586,0.001181545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007986984,0.0003727887,0.9345567,0.00006691981,0.00009595167,0.0005988036,0.0007465021,0.003639347,0.0006493001,0.01769393,0.004295475,0.03648553],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002125831,0.0002650942,0.970665,0.00005964111,0.00006602084,0.0001980987,0.001878447,0.006269211,0.0006574862,0.01544062,0.004457784,0.00002134497],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9834353,0.001489536,0.0002489495,0.001660204,0.00003639894,0.00000458353,0.0003376747,0.0000144846,0.01277278],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973385,0.0005004781,0.00003595444,0.00005043195,0.0000496694,0.000001205409,0.0001661242,0.000004363649,0.001853193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005948037,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01989818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02276042587033848,"score_gpt":0.2501233008636914,"score_spread":0.2273628749933529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}