{"id":"W7117354498","doi":"10.1007/s00603-025-05215-y","title":"Development and Experimental Validation of an Ice Air Jet with a Laval Nozzle for Coal Breakage and Permeability Enhancement","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering","topic":"Erosion and Abrasive Machining","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing; Science Fund for Creative Research Groups","keywords":"Nozzle; Coal; Jet (fluid); Breakage; Dimensionless quantity; Permeability (electromagnetism); Brittleness; Compressed air","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001134579,0.0001076455,0.0001163231,0.00002443863,0.0001348318,0.00001357277,0.0000392564,0.00003076364,0.00001154684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007669057,0.00009086734,0.000009596586,0.00004306139,0.00000152819,0.00008998385,0.0001335233,0.00004196661,2.47231e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003445379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007559013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000164123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001535325,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99944,0.000006860343,0.0001263659,0.0002186154,0.00009152599,0.0001165967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998166,0.0000215845,0.00003022839,0.00006631749,0.000005923609,0.00005934036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001136428,0.0001910018,0.003489201,0.0002437544,0.00003536007,0.000001284653,0.003668845,0.05185946,0.9363055,0.002322688,0.00001513511,0.001754141],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005417047,0.0001429781,0.001714861,0.00005313274,0.00001024981,0.000003504053,0.0004835062,0.3746829,0.6216763,0.00002648315,0.0005385714,0.0001257993],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7252482,0.00005194072,0.2744709,0.0000136833,0.00002607489,0.0001493158,0.00000264835,0.00001189872,0.00002531977],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931735,0.000008575235,0.006704689,0.00002762662,0.000005061582,0.00002841436,0.000006223302,0.000007307126,0.00003861606],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3228234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3705463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006402037716104503,"score_gpt":0.2198506524395443,"score_spread":0.2134486147234398,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}