{"id":"W7117370765","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.136672","title":"Acid recovery with diffusion dialysis to improve rare earth extraction economics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Separation and Purification Technology","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue","funders":"EIT RawMaterials; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Generalitat de Catalunya; Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats","keywords":"Oxalic acid; Permeation; Extraction (chemistry); Elution; Ion exchange; Dialysis; Alkali metal; Nitric acid; Diffusion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001037144,0.0008738085,0.0007940219,0.0007302953,0.000341447,0.0009089265,0.0007180797,0.0008049265,0.002574169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001048944,0.000299455,0.0006634298,0.0006955264,0.0003036567,0.001165868,0.00106054,0.001109861,0.001939789],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004950402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000370807,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008220891,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008969787,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992212,0.0001173006,0.0001040698,0.0002068283,0.0002511169,0.00009948936],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995626,0.0001302734,0.00008297789,0.00005812452,0.0001436065,0.00002248958],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004416108,0.00003268015,0.00011671,0.00009366035,0.00000796994,0.00003047537,0.00003213528,0.0001448009,0.9941771,0.0001812957,0.00009014479,0.005048787],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001339225,0.00009680465,0.0004916607,0.00001092104,0.00001959434,0.0001563927,0.00002058685,0.001650624,0.9901276,0.00009631135,0.007303506,0.0000127215],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7874132,0.009029496,0.1896137,0.0008219263,0.0002623641,0.0006419986,0.0007074866,0.001828379,0.009681316],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8103619,0.007467632,0.1589175,0.0006209051,0.0001119688,0.0005127946,0.001306043,0.0005593784,0.02014181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002574169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0086115,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005192523291968152,"score_gpt":0.2390109948602875,"score_spread":0.2338184715683193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}