{"id":"W7117451564","doi":"10.1038/s41593-025-02164-1","title":"Recommendations for the inclusion and study of sex and gender in research","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Neuroscience","topic":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","field":"Medicine","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Hospital for Sick Children; McGill University; Université Laval; Ontario Brain Institute; University Health Network; University of Toronto; BC Children's Hospital","funders":"Health Research Board; ERA-Net NEURON","keywords":"Biopsychosocial model; Inclusion (mineral); Biological sex; Field (mathematics); Sex characteristics; Gender identity; Power (physics); Research design","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001126538,0.00003428453,0.00007064977,0.0001468299,0.0003631648,0.000008814239,0.00008499356,0.00005569737,7.917946e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008541819,0.00002181016,0.000005669592,0.0005633776,0.00009579268,0.00002576032,0.000285676,0.0004217951,1.932458e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001233355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006762079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004417599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007296279,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992798,0.000090568,0.00009882027,0.0002238234,0.0001963031,0.0001107046],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990045,0.00070074,0.00001284777,0.000167106,0.00008886476,0.00002589023],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003897592,0.001071976,0.6184754,0.000793776,0.000009934008,0.0000141185,0.06427015,0.00001075526,0.02742068,0.005153697,0.007340349,0.2750494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001355575,0.0006609687,0.9593151,0.0000454911,0.00001104741,0.000009740043,0.01038059,0.002146698,0.000940096,0.005284426,0.01980806,0.00004223992],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9768547,0.001439539,0.00003120465,0.02019795,0.000238647,0.0009638467,0.000003029553,0.0000050744,0.0002660086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974993,0.0001822294,0.00007024228,0.00201602,0.00001355474,0.00002594748,4.117167e-7,0.000001994297,0.0001902416],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3408397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2793207,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3081632483358273,"score_gpt":0.5445719521249294,"score_spread":0.2364087037891021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}