{"id":"W7117494835","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01942g","title":"Nanosensors as diagnostic tools: emerging concepts, opportunities, and design barriers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical Methods","topic":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nanosensor; Fabrication; Emerging technologies; Nanoscopic scale","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009034736,0.0009514042,0.001311727,0.00130415,0.001001485,0.006105899,0.003129448,0.003789963,0.002353377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00513144,0.0007245147,0.0004993494,0.001003516,0.007087101,0.01375448,0.003156149,0.004963384,0.001155123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00240692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003750745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009919599,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001082878,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964012,0.001006097,0.0002010249,0.000488536,0.001650047,0.0002530632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955294,0.002943696,0.0002301367,0.00030576,0.0007480174,0.0002430157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005180517,0.0001076014,0.0004589033,0.002690034,0.00002920125,0.0001514754,0.0007346649,0.001842654,0.00934089,0.8033926,0.007713697,0.1734863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002406566,0.0002113924,0.0002990777,0.002058246,0.00003016306,0.0006523791,0.00114238,0.007417507,0.01185219,0.4786523,0.4975909,0.00006938512],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.009804487,0.7674348,0.1288238,0.0594456,0.001908927,0.0001358473,0.0001128827,0.0002738407,0.03205979],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1338667,0.7147951,0.1297515,0.009301318,0.002666213,0.0003820088,0.0001343468,0.0001309487,0.008971876],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009034736,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04778081,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05950663218532005,"score_gpt":0.3624762949013967,"score_spread":0.3029696627160767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}