{"id":"W7117494835","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01942g","title":"Nanosensors as diagnostic tools: emerging concepts, opportunities, and design barriers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical Methods","topic":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nanosensor; Fabrication; Emerging technologies; Nanoscopic scale","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006721091,0.0002147159,0.0003426957,0.0001722792,0.0001224083,0.0001036487,0.0001017524,0.0001717324,0.0002414624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004423689,0.0002005755,0.00009649169,0.0003878987,0.0001880465,0.0001254483,0.0000426167,0.0002631817,0.00001533618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005552029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004170521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001758559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001143278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986379,0.0002891169,0.000326278,0.0002688559,0.000124873,0.0003530398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9961423,0.003287111,0.0000195159,0.0002063018,0.00004722506,0.0002976045],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003762226,0.00002541761,0.0001705174,0.0002125921,0.0005348284,0.0001235594,0.0001726011,0.00589522,0.004341913,0.1465144,0.006384975,0.8355864],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004833612,0.000123676,0.0006289065,0.0001697931,0.000453004,0.00002076822,0.001075603,0.8392857,0.01738142,0.01452527,0.1252519,0.0006005419],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02034395,0.002511275,0.9404932,0.002175553,0.0007745577,0.0003186591,0.00001034992,0.0005630723,0.0328094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8887084,0.003868565,0.1007735,0.001359928,0.0001761892,0.00003836659,0.000006042007,0.00007087956,0.004998102],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8683645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8179232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05950663218532005,"score_gpt":0.3624762949013967,"score_spread":0.3029696627160767,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}