{"id":"W7117517998","doi":"10.1186/s13293-025-00772-x","title":"The effects of sex and gender attributes on clinical outcomes: a systematic review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biology of Sex Differences","topic":"Sex and Gender in Healthcare","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University Health Network; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute; University of Toronto","funders":"Alzheimer's Society; Canada Research Chairs; Global Brain Health Institute; University Health Network; Alzheimer's Association","keywords":"Human physiology; Alternative medicine; Brain research; Public health; Global health; Neurology; MEDLINE","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008500921,0.0001211491,0.001092377,0.00004214789,0.00005664646,0.000002337959,0.0001305475,0.0001394113,0.000003930366],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002385421,0.00005543048,0.0001132584,0.00008478238,0.0003232231,0.000005486288,0.00004380022,0.0001389975,0.000001685209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006845125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000633786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001905873,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003960614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998332,0.0005258502,0.0006818426,0.0002201518,0.00009336503,0.0001468078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929644,0.006378477,0.0001920403,0.0003477967,0.00007064929,0.00004656671],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002033058,0.00006358494,0.7789001,0.2149811,0.0003754662,0.000001244571,0.0001697158,1.41899e-9,0.00003244852,0.0008902082,0.000185045,0.004380768],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009265249,0.001875525,0.9482616,0.04299033,0.0007262654,0.000007010393,0.001107849,0.0000063084,0.000386929,0.003462628,0.0001429561,0.0001060752],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8480256,0.1481884,0.00001188416,0.001895368,0.000379573,0.001220623,0.000007679662,0.00001566428,0.0002552071],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9718686,0.0262219,0.00002021401,0.001480314,0.00001998003,0.00005322028,0.000004953243,0.000002901693,0.0003279496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1719907,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2855744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1362397165238803,"score_gpt":0.4342031516761228,"score_spread":0.2979634351522425,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}