{"id":"W7117650539","doi":"10.3390/membranes16010014","title":"Dewatering Hypersaline Na2SO4 and NaCl via Commercial Forward Osmosis Module","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Membranes","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Forward osmosis; Dewatering; Osmosis; Reverse osmosis; Membrane; Water treatment; Filtration (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000146778,0.000141419,0.0001788767,0.00006497487,0.0001792581,0.00004147775,0.0002303807,0.00009309376,0.0005403274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005122687,0.0001266652,0.00003527588,0.0002306875,0.0002102392,0.0001793648,0.0002983831,0.0000901275,0.0001528792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004601453,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004149653,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003682321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002270222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991293,0.00002841926,0.0001858705,0.0002885952,0.0001472079,0.0002205821],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996077,0.00004540241,0.00003760987,0.0002640555,0.000005665356,0.00003950233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001015161,0.0001335771,0.06357984,0.0002469345,0.0000670466,0.00001639761,0.0007557961,0.002455059,0.7854947,0.0007183837,0.005514511,0.1409162],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008149417,0.00006836142,0.04403365,0.0000377021,0.00004951333,0.00001686935,0.0002047766,0.008022321,0.871516,0.002844023,0.07196428,0.0004275871],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866533,0.0001466153,0.001372469,0.002056674,0.0001662433,0.0001808875,0.000003699309,0.0002404261,0.009179706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958028,0.00008761546,0.001555491,0.0004591102,0.00001712187,0.00002614771,0.000005220337,0.0000103228,0.002036181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1404887,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5916206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008964069087268335,"score_gpt":0.2351492627512685,"score_spread":0.2261851936640002,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}