{"id":"W7117764744","doi":"10.3390/make8010006","title":"Research Frontiers in Machine Learning & Knowledge Extraction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction","topic":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Eusko Jaurlaritza; Austrian Science Fund","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Underpinning; Software deployment; Cornerstone; Applications of artificial intelligence; Embedding; Domain (mathematical analysis); Knowledge integration","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004302165,0.0003236172,0.0003817987,0.001821148,0.001246045,0.0004770679,0.0005140417,0.0002768869,0.00005694622],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001302569,0.0003417062,0.00009481898,0.00268992,0.0001462243,0.001113727,0.0003959343,0.003140421,0.0003814881],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004423425,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002125682,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001345491,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003050554,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956366,0.001695623,0.0005840836,0.0009748755,0.0003247091,0.0007840979],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979621,0.0009394677,0.0001616432,0.0004051254,0.0003693987,0.0001623012],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001724195,0.000743923,0.09421573,0.0002305511,0.0000552932,0.00003422766,0.00602271,0.003523092,0.00988131,0.01337004,0.002837807,0.8689129],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003948723,0.0001542686,0.006180983,0.0001978662,0.00001282678,0.00003091319,0.0009537057,0.5254339,0.002394921,0.003546897,0.4603412,0.0003576404],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08758308,0.0252614,0.7846895,0.001764922,0.003668907,0.0006568379,0.000001470339,0.0008897218,0.09548416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9440549,0.001269285,0.006811077,0.00002045032,0.0002003594,0.00006657924,0.00002263715,0.00003412975,0.04752058],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8685552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999035,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04255175253055986,"score_gpt":0.3903736406979469,"score_spread":0.347821888167387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}