{"id":"W7117983352","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-1458-8_13","title":"Introduction to Urban Development in Nigeria","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"City development","topic":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Overcrowding; Urbanization; Population; Developing country; Urban planning; Population growth; Megalopolis; Conurbation; Slum","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001130558,0.0005349621,0.0006178584,0.0008237823,0.0006285436,0.0001137712,0.0005903331,0.0005877457,0.002461675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001531368,0.0005782027,0.00008180112,0.0002379596,0.0001316131,0.0001249033,0.0003296804,0.0004993965,0.001238345],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002727196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003503708,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004663179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009531722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9964482,0.00005967261,0.0008998675,0.0009590688,0.0009130261,0.0007201353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988652,0.00006878038,0.0001847146,0.0003261796,0.0002297908,0.0003253615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006502628,0.0001159824,0.001271433,0.0001540656,0.0002323142,0.00004383206,0.0841525,0.000002645817,0.00001224486,0.1200825,0.6035066,0.1903609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001842531,0.000009797461,0.003201203,0.0004133392,0.000006850541,4.706112e-7,0.0004543608,9.105911e-8,0.0002035229,0.0008778032,0.9939129,0.0007353491],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001565443,0.0007379384,0.0001525336,0.01265592,0.003243217,0.00136456,0.000004960901,0.0002613994,0.980014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001565921,0.0004664078,0.008122029,0.0005857017,0.001092852,0.0001169788,0.0001057283,0.00004102202,0.9879034],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3904064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02962782805440048,"score_gpt":0.2621161942841307,"score_spread":0.2324883662297302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}