{"id":"W7118021544","doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-3339-8_10","title":"The Middle-Class in Contemporary China and Its Consumption Patterns","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Middle class; Consumption (sociology); China; Quarter (Canadian coin); Social class; Consumer spending; Social security; Quality (philosophy)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002440556,0.0002367463,0.0002053105,0.002379806,0.002187477,0.001930932,0.0004794631,0.0002957955,0.004210013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003054092,0.0001330445,0.0001440869,0.007222954,0.001512616,0.001159339,0.0007967125,0.0004808368,0.0002515235],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003508435,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00210745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1681844,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3688002,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998391,0.00002095215,0.000008505092,0.00002658334,0.00002834579,0.00007648986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999836,0.00001965612,0.00003602382,0.00001294824,0.000022902,0.00007256811],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002340718,0.0001840904,0.6021044,0.0002653104,0.0001223544,0.0007229177,0.07761391,0.000743702,0.001963242,0.1681558,0.01168602,0.1362042],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003314445,0.00002460458,0.9626006,0.00004191148,0.00001427048,0.00004448233,0.009704811,0.0003531808,0.0001126589,0.003637761,0.02344835,0.00001405635],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.957453,0.004806054,0.0001343858,0.001484364,0.00002971991,0.00001022725,0.000661058,0.0000173437,0.03540399],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913918,0.001515523,0.00008049794,0.00008212312,0.00002480732,0.00000465319,0.0002213762,0.000005796298,0.006673472],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1681844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3344109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05757181192030183,"score_gpt":0.2804600922553193,"score_spread":0.2228882803350174,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}